Kar board 9th social science 4 chapter

CHAPTER - 4: VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE AND BAHAMANI KINGDOM

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Vijayanagara empire was established in the year 1336

Answer :- The Vijayanagara Empire was founded in the year 1336.

2. The poetess, who wrote Madhura Vijaya is Gangadevi

Answer :- Gangadevi is the famous poetess who authored 'Madhura Vijaya'.

3. Praudhadevaraya’s minister was Lakkanna Dandesha

Answer :- Lakkanna Dandesha served as the minister under Praudhadevaraya.

4. The king who wrote Amukta Malyada in Telugu was Krishnadevaraya

Answer :- Emperor Krishnadevaraya wrote the famous Telugu work 'Amukta Malyada'.

5. The minister who established a famous madrasa at Bidar was Mohammad Gawan

Answer :- Mohammad Gawan was the minister responsible for building the renowned madrasa in Bidar.

6. The king who wrote Kitab-E-Navarasa was Ibrahim Adil Shah II

Answer :- Ibrahim Adil Shah II is the author of the book 'Kitab-E-Navarasa'.

II. Answer the following questions after discussing in your group.

7. Name the four dynasties who ruled Vijayanagara empire.

Answer :-

• Sangama Dynasty
• Saluva Dynasty
• Tuluva Dynasty
• Araveedu Dynasty

8. What were the achievements of Devaraya II?

Answer :-

• Devaraya II was the most prominent ruler of the Sangama dynasty and was known by the title ‘Gajaventegara’ (Elephant Hunter).
• He defeated King Kapilendra of the Gajapati dynasty of Orissa and captured Kondaveedu.
• He expanded the empire up to the Krishna River in the north-east by controlling regional chieftains.
• He brought the ruler of Kerala under his influence and collected tributes from both Kerala and Sri Lanka.
• His vast conquests earned him the title “Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi” (Emperor of the South).
• Under his rule, the empire stretched from Gulbarga to Sri Lanka and from Telangana to Malabar.

9. What were the problems Krishnadevaraya had to face when he ascended the throne?

Answer :-

• Krishnadevaraya inherited a kingdom surrounded by complex internal and external challenges.
• The arrival of Europeans, who were establishing colonies along the coast, posed a new threat.
• The five successor Shahi kingdoms of the Bahamani dynasty were frequently at war with Vijayanagara.
• Additionally, the local rulers of Ummatthur and the Gajapatis of Orissa remained constant enemies.

10. What are the contributions of Vijayanagara empire to the economic system and society?

Answer :- Economic System:

• The empire was highly prosperous, with land tax being the primary source of state revenue.
• Agriculture was the main occupation; farmers cultivated crops like paddy, jowar, ragi, wheat, cotton, and sugarcane throughout the year.
• The state also collected professional, road, market, and commercial taxes.
• Commerce flourished through the export of spices (pepper, cloves), diamonds, iron ore, and textiles.

Social System:

• Society was organized into a caste system based on various occupations.
• Women held a dignified position; some were even trained as female wrestlers and palace guards.
• Traditional practices like child marriage, Sati, and the Devadasi system existed.
• Major festivals like Deepavali and Dasara were celebrated with great enthusiasm. The 'Mahanavami Dibba' in Hampi stands as a testament to these grand celebrations.

11. Describe the art and architecture of the Vijayanagar period.

Answer :-

• The Vijayanagara kings were legendary patrons of architecture, blending styles from the Chalukyas, Cholas, and Hoysalas.
• They introduced unique features like massive marriage halls (Kalyana Mantapa) and huge public auditoriums.
• Temples were characterized by tall 'Rayagopuras' (gateway towers), leaf-shaped arches, and ornate platforms.
• Construction primarily used hard granite to ensure grandeur and durability.
• The architectural focus was on creating a sense of awe, elegance, and massive scale.

12. Mohammad Gawan was an able Prime Minister of Bahamani Kingdom. How?

Answer :-

• Mohammad G