Kar board 9th social scince 3 chapter

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            CHAPTER – 3                                 :           RELIGIOUS REFORMERS OF INDIA

I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Shankaracharya was born at Kaladi in Kerala.

Answer :- Shankaracharya's birthplace was Kaladi, located in the state of Kerala.

2. “The world is an illusion; Brahma alone is the Truth”. This was propounded by Shankaracharya

Answer :- This famous philosophy was put forward by Shankaracharya.

3. Ramanujacharya’s disciples are called Shrivaishnavites

Answer :- The followers and disciples of Ramanujacharya are known as Shrivaishnavites.

4. Proponent of Dwaita philosophy is Madwacharya

Answer :- Madhvacharya is the philosopher who introduced the Dwaita philosophy.

II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group:

5. Who is the proponent of Advaita philosophy?

Answer :- Shankaracharya is the one who propagated the Advaita philosophy.

6. Which is the philosophy advocated by Ramanujacharya? What is their sect called?

Answer :- Ramanujacharya advocated the 'Vishistadvaita' philosophy, and the religious sect he promoted is called 'Shrivaishnavism'.

7. Name the books written by Ramanujacharya.

Answer :-

  • Vedanta Samgraha
  • Vedanta Sara
  • Vedanta Deepika
  • Sreebhasya
  • Geethabhashya

8. Which are the tenets advocated by Madwacharya?

Answer :-

  • According to Madhvacharya, the world is real and not an illusion (Maya).
  • He believed the world is as authentic as the Divine Soul (Paramatma).
  • In this system, the Divine Soul is independent while the rest of the world is dependent.
  • The relationship between the Divine Soul and the human soul is like that of a Lord and a Servant.
  • He taught that Lord Vishnu (Narayana) alone is the supreme deity.
  • Through the worship of Lord Vishnu, the human soul can be elevated to attain salvation (Moksha).

9. Name the books written by Shankaracharya.

Answer :-

  • Shankarabhasya
  • Anandalahari
  • Soundaryalahari
  • Shivanandalahari
  • Vivekachoodamani
  • Prabuddasudhakara
  • Dakshina murthy Stotra
  • His hymn 'Bhajagovindam' is also very popular.

10. What were the welfare measures of Basavanna?

Answer :-

  • Basavanna strongly opposed the caste system and social inequality.
  • He composed 'Vachanas' using the pen name 'Kudalasangama Deva' after meditating at Kudalasangama.
  • He spoke out against rituals, superstitions, and various blind beliefs of his time.
  • He was a key figure in driving economic, social, and religious reforms in society.
  • He established the 'Anubhava Mantapa', which is regarded as the world’s first parliament, in Basava Kalyana.
  • He worked toward the spiritual growth of the individual along with social reformation.
  • He introduced the idea of one God worshipped in the form of 'Istalinga' and taught that the 'body is a temple'.
  • He emphasized that compassion (Daya) is the foundation of religion and stressed the importance of non-violence.
  • He introduced revolutionary concepts like 'Kayaka' (work) and 'Dasoha' (charity).
  • Through these principles, he aimed to build a secular society free from gender and caste discrimination.

11. Which followers were with Basavanna during the Vachana movement?

Answer :-

  • Satyakka
  • Aydakki Lakkamma
  • Siddarama
  • Channa Basavanna
  • Molige Maraiah
  • Ambigara Chowdiah
  • Madiwala Machiah
  • Madara Chennaiah
  • Samagara Haralaiah
  • Kinnari Bommaiah

12. What is the meaning of ‘Kayave Kailasa’ propagated by Basavanna?

Answer :-

  • Basavanna taught that the 'Body is the abode of Lord Shiva', coining the phrase 'Kayave Kailasa' (Work is Worship).
  • He placed great importance on 'Kaya' (the body/physical effort) and promoted a strong work culture.
  • He firmly declared that no type of work is superior or inferior to another, establishing the dignity of labor.

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